The most common fraud in the stainless steel market is selling the cheaper ۲۰۱ grade instead of ۳۰۴. We examine the differences in composition, the magnet test, and the points that expose this substitution.
You inquire about the price per kilogram of ۳۰۴ stainless steel, and a seller offers a noticeably lower figure. It is tempting, but this is exactly where you should be cautious; the most common fraud in the stainless steel market is selling the cheaper ۲۰۱ grade under the name of ۳۰۴ and at a price close to it. The difference between the two cannot be seen with the naked eye, but it is completely real in terms of composition and durability.
The Actual Difference in Chemical Composition
۳۰۴ stainless steel contains approximately ۱۸ to ۲۰ percent chromium and ۸ to ۱۰ percent nickel. ۲۰۱ stainless steel, however, contains only ۱۶ to ۱۸ percent chromium and ۳.۵ to ۵.۵ percent nickel, and compensates for the nickel shortage with manganese and nitrogen. Since nickel is the most expensive alloying element, this reduction in nickel both lowers the price of ۲۰۱ and reduces its resistance to corrosion.

The difference between ۳۰۴ and ۲۰۱ cannot be seen with the naked eye; only chemical composition and tests reveal it.
On-Site Identification Methods
| Method | ۳۰۴ | ۲۰۱ |
|---|---|---|
| Magnet test | Almost non-magnetic (annealed) | Attracts slightly more |
| Price per kilogram | Higher (more nickel) | Noticeably lower |
| Corrosion resistance | High | Lower; stains and rusts sooner |
| Complete certainty | Acid test or laboratory analysis | Acid test or laboratory analysis |
Why We Should Not Rely Only on a Magnet
A magnet test is a good initial indication, but it is not conclusive. ۳۰۴ stainless steel is normally non-magnetic, but after cold working such as bending or drawing, it may acquire slight magnetic properties. Therefore, if a piece of ۳۰۴ reacts slightly to a magnet, it does not necessarily mean it is fraudulent. For important transactions, an acid test or laboratory analysis and requesting a certificate are the only ways to achieve complete certainty.
The golden rule: If the price is too good, be sure to find out why. In the stainless steel market, an unusually low price almost always means a lower grade.
One Final Point
Buying from a well-known supplier with a clear track record reduces the risk of this fraud from the outset; however, even in that case, for large shipments, a quick test at the delivery site costs nothing and provides greater assurance.
Frequently Asked Questions
تفاوت اصلی استیل ۳۰۴ و ۲۰۱ چیست؟
استیل ۳۰۴ حدود ۱۸ تا ۲۰ درصد کروم و ۸ تا ۱۰ درصد نیکل دارد، اما ۲۰۱ فقط ۱۶ تا ۱۸ درصد کروم و ۳.۵ تا ۵.۵ درصد نیکل دارد و منگنز و نیتروژن بیشتری در آن بهکار رفته. همین نیکل کمتر، ۲۰۱ را ارزانتر و کممقاومتر میکند.
آیا تست آهنربا برای تشخیص ۳۰۴ از ۲۰۱ کافی است؟
تست آهنربا یک نشانهٔ اولیه است: ۳۰۴ در حالت آنیلشده تقریباً غیرمغناطیسی است و ۲۰۱ کمی بیشتر جذب میشود. اما این تست قطعی نیست، چون ۳۰۴ هم پس از کار سرد کمی خاصیت مغناطیسی پیدا میکند؛ برای اطمینان کامل باید تست اسید یا آنالیز آزمایشگاهی انجام داد.
چطور از جازدن ۲۰۱ بهجای ۳۰۴ جلوگیری کنیم؟
قیمت غیرعادی پایینتر از نرخ روز ۳۰۴ اولین پرچم قرمز است. تست آهنربا، تست اسید و در معاملات بزرگ، آنالیز آزمایشگاهی و درخواست گواهی آنالیز، مطمئنترین راههاست.
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